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A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer
Разработчик - Pioneer / A.A.I.
СтранА - США.
Первый полет - 1985 г.
Тип - тактический разведывательный БПЛА.
A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer - тактический разведывательный БПЛА, разработанный,
американским предприятием Pioneer UAV Incorporated.
В начале 1980-х гг. Командование ВМС США, после операций В таких
странах, КАК - ГренадА / Ливан / Ливия - проявило, большой интерес К
беспилотным разведывательным аппаратам, способным вести разведку (+
наблюдение), осуществлять, корректировку, А также, наведение огневой
поддержки десантА.
БЫЛА предложенА программА разработки разведывательного БПЛА морского
базирования.
В 1985 г., был подписан, контракт С предприятием Pioneer UAV
Incorporated НА изготовление, RQ-2 (С 2-тактным 2-цилиндровым бензиновым
авиадвигателем).
В декабре 1985 г. A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer, впервые поднялся В небо.
В 1986 г. начато, серийное производство, данного БПЛА.
В декабре 1986 г., первые A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer поступилиНА вооружение,
американского линкорА АЙОВА BB-61 (USS Iowa (BB-61)).
В 1987 г., три комплексА A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer, поставлены Корпусу морской
пехоты США, В котором, ДЛЯ транспортировки БПЛА использовалась, боевая
машинА LHA.
В 1990 г. поступили, первые заказы от Армии США. БПЛА A.A.I. RQ-2
Pioneer, участвовал, В операции "Буря В пустыни", где они совершили,
более 300 боевых миссий.
К 2000 г. БПЛА A.A.I. RQ-2 Pioneer, использовался, только НА
транспортно-десантных кораблях морской пехоты.
ЛТХ RQ-2A Pioneer
Размах крылА - 5.15 М.
ДлинА - 4.27 М.
МАССА - 189 кг.
С. А. - поршневой авиационный двигатель.
Мощность - 26 л. с.
Максимальная скорость - 176 км/ч.
Дальность полетА - 185 км.
Практический потолок - 4572 М.AAI RQ-2 Pioneer
RQ-2 Pioneer
Role - Reconnaissance UAV
National origin - Israel/United States
Manufacturer - AAI Corporation, Israel Aircraft Industries
Introduction - 1986
Retired - 2007
Number built - 175 delivered; 35 in service
Developed into - AAI RQ-7 Shadow
The AAI RQ-2 Pioneer is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that had been
used by the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Army, and deployed at
sea and on land from 1986 until 2007. Initially tested aboard USS Iowa,
the RQ-2 Pioneer was placed aboard Iowa-class battleships to provide
gunnery spotting, its mission evolving into reconnaissance and
surveillance, primarily for amphibious forces.
It was developed jointly by AAI Corporation and Israel Aircraft
Industries. The program grew out of successful testing and field
operation of the Tadiran Mastiff UAV by the American and Israeli
militaries.
Essentially, the Pioneer is an upgraded IAI Scout which was re-engined
to accommodate a greater payload by request of the US Navy. To
accomplish this, the original "Limbach" two-cylinder two-stroke engine
was replaced with a Fichtel & Sachs two-cylinder two-stroke. The Limbach
motor used a 71 cm propeller from Propeller Engineering and Duplicating,
Inc. of San Clemente, California. The newer, more powerful Fichtel &
Sachs motor was outfitted with a 74 cm propeller (which spins in the
opposite direction) from the Sensenich Propeller Manufacturing Company
of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Operation
Launched by rocket assist (shipboard), by catapult, or from a runway,
the Pioneer recovers into a net (shipboard) or with arresting gear after
flying up to five hours with a 75-pound (34 kg) payload. It flies day or
night missions with a gimbaled EO/IR sensor, relaying analog video in
real time via a C-band line-of-sight (LOS) data link. Since 1991,
Pioneer has flown reconnaissance missions during the Persian Gulf,
Somalia (UNOSOM II), Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq conflicts. In 2005, the
Navy operated two Pioneer systems (one for training) and the Marines
operated two, each with five or more aircraft. It is also operated by
Israel and the Republic of Singapore Air Force. In 2007 Pioneer was
retired by the US Navy and was replaced by the Shadow UAV.
Internationally, Pioneer drones are perhaps most remembered for their
role in the 1991 Gulf War, when a Pioneer launched by the Iowa-class
battleship USS Wisconsin (BB-64) observed Iraqi troops on Failaka Island
surrendering shortly after USS Missouri's attack on their trenchlines.
When navy officials offered to transfer a Pioneer to the Smithsonian
Institution, curators at the National Air and Space Museum specifically
asked for the UAV that Iraqi troops surrendered to during the Gulf War.
In the 1991 Gulf War, the US Army operated a UAV Platoon from Ft.
Huachuca, Arizona. The UAV Platoon conducted flight surveillance and
target acquisition missions from KKMC and later, the unit pushed north (Operation
Sand Hawk) where US Army combat engineers built a metal runway for the
aircraft to launch and recover.
The "R" is the Department of Defense designation for reconnaissance; "Q"
means unmanned aircraft system. The "2" refers to its being the second
of a series of purpose-built unmanned reconnaissance aircraft systems.
Specifications (RQ-2)
Primary Function: Artillery Targeting and Acquisition, Control of Close
Air Support, Reconnaissance and Surveillance, Battle Damage Assessment,
Search and Rescue, Psychological Operations.
RQ-2B Pioneer
Data from
General characteristics
Length: 4.3 m (14 ft)
Wingspan: 5.151 m (16 ft 10.8 in)
Height: 1.006 m (3 ft 3.6 in)
Airfoil: NACA 4415[4]
Gross weight: 205 kg (452 lb)
Fuel capacity: 44 to 47 l (11.6 to 12.4 US gal; 9.7 to 10.3 imp gal)
Powerplant: 1 × ZF Sachs 2-stroke 2-cylinder horizontally-opposed piston
engine, 19 kW (26 hp) or UEL AR-741 rotary engine; 28.3 kW (38.0 hp)
Performance
Range: 185 km (115 mi, 100 nmi)
Service ceiling: 4,600 m (15,100 ft)
Avionics
Dual Sensor (12DS/POP-200/POP-300)
Operators
1. United States
- United States Navy
a) VC-6 "Firebees": Naval Station Norfolk (decommissioned)
b) Training Air Wing 6 UAV Detachment: Naval Air Station Whiting Field
(decommissioned)
- United States Marine Corps
a) VMU-1 'Watchdogs': Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine
Palms, California
b) VMU-2 'Night Owls': MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina
2. Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Air Force
- Sri Lanka Navy
(United States: US ARMY, Ft. Huachuca, AZ., UAV Platoon deployed Jan.
1991-May 1991.)
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